Can sildenafil treat primary premature ejaculation? A prospective clinical study
In 2006, Safarinejad and Hosseini published the results of their evaluation
| Aspect | Findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Confidence improvement | Increased confidence reported by users | May reduce anxiety about ED |
| Anxiety reduction | Lowered performance anxiety | Enhances sexual satisfaction |
| Placebo effect | Some improvement due to psychological factors | Not solely pharmacological |
of the safety and efficacy of this serotonergic drug in delaying ejaculation.
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Examination of the time course of central and peripheral neurochemical effects of sertraline (SER) in nonhuman primates showed that the 5-HT level achieved after one oral dose of sertraline was comparable to that measured throughout a 28-day course [63]. investigated the degree of ejaculation delay induced by on-demand treatment with 20-mg paroxetine and 25-mg clomipramine in a randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose, ondemand study in 30 men with lifelong PE with an IELT of less than 1 minute. The authors found that whereas on-demand treatment with 25-mg clomipramine led to a clinically relevant ejaculation delay, this was not the case with 20-mg paroxetine. Interestingly, when this same SSRI was taken daily for 6 weeks, the IELT increased significantly by 146 seconds [64]. Dapoxetine, an SSRI structurally related to fluoxetine, is the first SSRI developed with a short half-life, convenient for the on-demand treatment of PE [65].
Basic questions to ask your doctor
Oral dapoxetine achieves peak plasma concentrations within hour, and is effectively eliminated within 24 hours. Other SSRIs may require 6–8 hours to reach peak plasma concentrations, and up to 4 weeks to achieve a steady-state [65]. Dapoxetine seems to have a physiological benefit, superior to paroxetine, in reducing the expulsion reflex of ejaculation [66]. While not yet FDA approved for use in the treatment of PE, the efficacy and tolerability of dapoxetine sildenafil gel have been assessed in an integrated analysis of two, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials [67]. When taken 3 hours prior to intercourse, dapoxetine increased the IELT from 0.92 to 2.78 minutes with the 30-mg dose, and from 0.91 to 3.32 minutes with the 60-mg dose, while with placebo, the IELT only improved from 0.9 to 1.75 minutes.
Psychosis beas a rare side effect of sildenafil: a case report
Dapoxetine increased the IELT 3.0– 3.7 times over baseline [67]. Nausea was the most frequently noted side effect reported in up to 20.1% of patients on the higher (60 mg) dose of dapoxetine; other commonly observed side effects in the 30- and 60-mg doses, respectively, were diarrhea (3.9%, 6.8%), headache (5.9%, 6.8%), and dizziness (3.0%, 6.2%). A two-phase or hybrid strategy has been proposed, augmenting long-term SSRIs at a low dose, with higher doses prior to intercourse, on an on-demand basis [1,53]. McMahon and Touma evaluated the efficacy of paroxetine on-demand for the treatment of PE. The authors found that the ejaculatory control achieved with paroxetine as needed is significantly better when the patients were initially treated with a daily dose of the medication and later changed to an on-demand regimen [68]. A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study demonstrated a 13-fold increase in
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IELT with the on-demand use of 50 mg of Tramadol [79].
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At higher doses (75 mg for more than 3 months), clomipramine may have an adverse effect on sperm function [76]. Not only clomipramine, but also SSRIs, by blocking calcium channel mechanisms, may impede both sperm motility and vasal/ epididymal contractility [77]. While none of these agents have been proven to impair male fertility, this potential consequence of long-term, highdose usage should be kept in mind when selecting PE therapy for men who may be contemplating fatherhood in the future. Tramadol, a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic, has shown promise as an effective on-demand agent that avoids many of the risks associated with SSRIs. Although the ejaculatorydelaying mechanism of tramadol has not been fully understood, it is hypothesized that this may be related to tramadol’s effect on inhibition of reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin [78]. Among the 57 patients who completed the study, the mean IELT after tramadol and placebo
- Misusing sildenafil for PE can cause serious health risks.
- The drug's primary purpose is erectile dysfunction.
- Off-label use for PE should be supervised by a doctor.
- Performance anxiety often exacerbates PE.
- Proper medication adherence improves results.
- Natural remedies lack strong scientific support.
- Combining drugs without guidance is dangerous.
- Behavioral adjustments can sometimes eliminate PE.
- It is vital to address both physical and psychological aspects.
- Clinical trials explore sildenafil's role in PE management.
- Open communication with a healthcare professional is key.
increased from a baseline of 19 and 21 seconds to 243 and 34 seconds, respectively.
Treatment Options for Premature Ejaculation
The authors concluded that, while clomipramine was the most efficacious for the treatment of PE, sertraline was nearly as effective and had a lower incidence of side effects [43]. Other studies have similarly shown that sertraline and fluoxetine are comparable to clomipramine in their effect sildenafil tablets 125 on delaying ejaculation with a lower incidence of side effects [17,19,50]. Side effects from clomipramine include dry mouth, fatigue, nausea, and dizziness [54]. These side effects seem to abate over time, but stopping the medication is also associated with a loss of efficacy [73,74]. Tricyclic antidepressants seem to share with the SSRIs the risk of increased suicide, when initiated in men under age 24 [70]. Although more adverse events were noted when the patients were on tramadol,
- Early ejaculation is a normal variation for some men.
- Understanding personal sexual response helps manage PE.
- Sensory-enhancing devices may delay climax.
- Medications are not the only solution to PE.
- Regular exercise benefits erectile and ejaculatory health.
- Stress management techniques can improve PE outcomes.
- PE can be a sign of underlying medical issues.
- clinician-guided treatment yields better safety profiles.
- Support from partners encourages successful treatment.
- Combining therapy approaches often gives the best results.
- Healthy lifestyle choices support sexual function.
the authors did not report any study withdrawals because of medication-related adverse events. More recently, in a single-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover, stop-watch study, these findings were
Research Design
Their findings were later corroborated in a study by Salonia et al who reported that paroxetine, when initially prescribed on a longterm basis, then later switched to an on-demand basis, proved safe and effective in prolonging the IELT (from 0.33 +/– 0.04 to 4.2 +/– 0.03), and 75% of the men reported an improved satisfaction with their sexual activity [69]. Enthusiasm for treatment of PE with SSRI has recently been dampened by the release of the FDA advisory in May 2007, which warned that suicidal ideation and attempts have been associated with the initiation of these antidepressant medications, especially in young adults aged 18–24 [70]. The risk of suicide seems to be highest during the first 1 or 2 months of therapy. While a report at the 2007 American Urological Association (AUA) annual convention found that there was no associated “suicidality,” when the SSRI dapoxetine was used in the treatment of PE, the FDA advisory indicates that there is as yet insufficient evidence to exculpate any single medication from this risk. At a minimum, the circumspect clinician would carefully follow the patients for any signs of depression or suicidal ideation; it is also wise to document that the patient has been fully informed that there may be an increased risk of suicidal tendency, and also that SSRIs are not FDA approved for the treatment of PE [70–72].
Does sildenafil cause different side effects in females?
Clomipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorders. Although it is not an SSRI, clomipramine does inhibit 5-HT transport [55]. A 25-mg dose has effected delay in ejaculation, when taken as a onetime treatment 5 hours before intercourse by men with lifelong PE [1]. It has been shown to be effective in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, with a dose-dependent response rate. Efficacy was established, using a 10-mg dose, but the IELT increased by 249% over controls when a 25-mg dose was used, and 517% with a 50-mg dose [73,74].
Are there reviews from people who had side effects with 50-mg or 100-mg sildenafil tablets?
Clomipramine has been studied both as a chronic-care and as an on-demand medication. have recommended a two-tiered approach, initially using a single dose of up to 25 mg, taken from 4 to 24 hours prior to intercourse. If on-demand treatment proved unsatisfactory, a daily, long-term dose of 10–30 mg was instated [75]. Treatment with clomipramine, when compared with SSRIs and placebo, over a 4-week period, produced a sexual satisfaction rate that was significantly higher. Unfortunately, the side effect rate was higher as well. confirmed using the 25-mg dose in 60 patients with lifelong PE [78].
How Premature Ejaculation Differs from Erectile Dysfunction
Patients should be informed of these possible side effects prior to initiating therapy [1]. The abrupt reduction or discontinuation of long-term SSRI therapy can result in the “SSRI discontinuation syndrome”—a cluster of somatic and psychological symptoms including nausea and vomiting, vertigo, headache, unstable gait, lethargy, agitation, anxiety, and insomnia. These symptoms begin from 1 to 3 days after discontinuance, and may last over 1 week. The side effects can usually be reversed by the reintroduction of the SSRI [53]. Nonetheless, it is recommended that with the exception of fluoxetine, SSRIs should not be withdrawn acutely but gradually over 3–4 weeks [1].
Male pelvic floor muscles
It is also recommended that patients on SSRIs over an extended period of time undergo intermittent “wash-out periods” in order to avoid excessive levels of accumulation after multiple doses [53]. Overdose of SSRIs or (more commonly) drug– drug interactions between SSRIs and other agents that enhance the central nervous system 5-HT activity can lead to the “serotonin syndrome”—a cluster of severe, persistent symptoms including myoclonus, hyperreflexia, sweating, shivering, discoordination, and mental status changes [53]. Patients receiving long-term SSRI therapy for PE must be made aware of potential drug–drug interactions between SSRIs and other concurrent medications, and schedule their doses accordingly [53]. In men with lifelong PE,cessation of treatment results in reestablishment of the original set point within 5–7 days [1]. On-Demand Intervention (on a “Prn” Basis) Encouraging as the success of the chronic administration of SSRIs has been in the treatment of PE, side effects, such as dry mouth, headaches, and dizziness, have presented a problem [54].
Neurobiology of sexual behaviour
Men are understandably reluctant to accept continuous, long-term headaches, dry mouth, and dizziness on a daily basis, as the price for improving IELT on significantly less frequent occasions [12,33,55,56]. In an attempt to minimize these side effects and better target the patient’s needs in a cost-effective manner, on-demand use of SSRI has been advocated [54]. There is only modest laboratory-based support for the on-demand use of SSRI. While the acute administration of SSRI leads to an abrupt lowering of 5-HT release into the synapse, it only effects a mild increase in the postsynaptic neurotransmission and stimulation of 5-HT receptors there [57–59]. Nevertheless, laboratory assessments have documented a marked increase in 5-HT in both the cerebrospinal and the extravascular fluid following a single dose of SSRI [60–62].